Frecuencia de trastornos musculo esqueléticos de origen laboral en los trabajadores de una empresa textil de Guatemala, 2022
Tesis Materias > Ingeniería Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster Cerrado Español Se define trastorno musculo esquelético como una lesión física, originada portrauma acumulado, como resultado de repetidos esfuerzos sobre una localizaciónespecifica del aparato locomotor, por posturas forzadas, movimientos repetitivos yaplicación de fuerza. Siendo estos de alta prevalencia e incidencia en la poblaciónlaboral, afectando tanto a los trabajadores como en la sostenibilidad de lasinstituciones, ya que producen disminución de la productividad y ausentismo, siendoun problema de importancia de salud en el trabajo. Objetivo: Determinar lafrecuencia de trastornos musculo esqueléticos de origen laboral en los trabajadoresde una empresa textil de Guatemala durante el año 2022. Población y métodos:Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, con una muestra de 66 trabajadoresentrevistados, utilizando el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka General. Resultados:De la muestra evaluada, 73% eran de género femenino, dentro del rango de 21-30años 39%, con una media de 35 años. El grupo más representativo de trabajadoresfue de operarios, del área de costura o manuales, siendo el 74%, de estos el 89%labora entre 40-49 horas semanales, el 59% con una antigüedad laboral 1-5 años.Se llevó a cabo el cálculo de IMC evidenciando que el 44% se encuentra ensobrepeso, seguido del 32% en peso normal. Se determinó que el 85% habíapresentado alguna molestia dolor o disconfort en algún área del aparato locomotor,siendo la región más afectada la espalda alta 47% y el cuello 38%. En los últimos12 meses el 20% de los entrevistados indico que había presentado problemas delaparato locomotor que impidió realizar su trabajo de forma normal, de este el 12%eran mujeres, y la región afectada era el cuello y espalda baja, complementandocon la interrogante sobre si habían presentado molestias en los últimos 7 días, el33% respondió de forma afirmativa, afectando el cuello y la espalda dorso-lumbar.Conclusiones: La mayoría de trabajadores son de género femenino, con una edadmedia de 35 años, operarios del área de costura, laborando entre 40-49 horas a lasemana. De los entrevistados 8 de cada 10 trabajadores presentan dolor, molestiaso disconfort en algún área del aparato locomotor, siendo el cuello y espalda alta laszonas más afectadas. metadata Aguilar Sánchez, Andrea Karina mail andrekari.aguilar@gmail.com (2022) Frecuencia de trastornos musculo esqueléticos de origen laboral en los trabajadores de una empresa textil de Guatemala, 2022. Masters thesis, SIN ESPECIFICAR.
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Se define trastorno musculo esquelético como una lesión física, originada portrauma acumulado, como resultado de repetidos esfuerzos sobre una localizaciónespecifica del aparato locomotor, por posturas forzadas, movimientos repetitivos yaplicación de fuerza. Siendo estos de alta prevalencia e incidencia en la poblaciónlaboral, afectando tanto a los trabajadores como en la sostenibilidad de lasinstituciones, ya que producen disminución de la productividad y ausentismo, siendoun problema de importancia de salud en el trabajo. Objetivo: Determinar lafrecuencia de trastornos musculo esqueléticos de origen laboral en los trabajadoresde una empresa textil de Guatemala durante el año 2022. Población y métodos:Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, con una muestra de 66 trabajadoresentrevistados, utilizando el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka General. Resultados:De la muestra evaluada, 73% eran de género femenino, dentro del rango de 21-30años 39%, con una media de 35 años. El grupo más representativo de trabajadoresfue de operarios, del área de costura o manuales, siendo el 74%, de estos el 89%labora entre 40-49 horas semanales, el 59% con una antigüedad laboral 1-5 años.Se llevó a cabo el cálculo de IMC evidenciando que el 44% se encuentra ensobrepeso, seguido del 32% en peso normal. Se determinó que el 85% habíapresentado alguna molestia dolor o disconfort en algún área del aparato locomotor,siendo la región más afectada la espalda alta 47% y el cuello 38%. En los últimos12 meses el 20% de los entrevistados indico que había presentado problemas delaparato locomotor que impidió realizar su trabajo de forma normal, de este el 12%eran mujeres, y la región afectada era el cuello y espalda baja, complementandocon la interrogante sobre si habían presentado molestias en los últimos 7 días, el33% respondió de forma afirmativa, afectando el cuello y la espalda dorso-lumbar.Conclusiones: La mayoría de trabajadores son de género femenino, con una edadmedia de 35 años, operarios del área de costura, laborando entre 40-49 horas a lasemana. De los entrevistados 8 de cada 10 trabajadores presentan dolor, molestiaso disconfort en algún área del aparato locomotor, siendo el cuello y espalda alta laszonas más afectadas.
| Tipo de Documento: | Tesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Palabras Clave: | sistema musculoesquelético, salud laboral, dolor, ergonomía, postura |
| Clasificación temática: | Materias > Ingeniería |
| Divisiones: | Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster |
| Depositado: | 14 Mar 2024 23:30 |
| Ultima Modificación: | 14 Mar 2024 23:30 |
| URI: | https://repositorio.uneatlantico.es/id/eprint/2663 |
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Introduction Cancer in older adults is often associated with functional limitations, geriatric syndromes, poor self-rated health, vulnerability, and frailty, and these conditions might worsen treatment-related side effects. Recent guidelines for patients with cancer during and after treatment have documented the beneficial effects of exercise to counteract certain side effects; however, little is known about the role of exercise during cancer treatment in older adults. Materials and Methods This is a multicentre randomised controlled trial in which 200 participants will be allocated to a control group or an intervention group (the sample size has been calculated to detect a clinical difference of 1 point in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, assuming an α error of 0.05, a β error of 0.20, and a 10 % loss rate). Patients aged ≥70 years, diagnosed with any type of solid cancer and candidates for systemic treatment are eligible. Subjects in the intervention group are invited to participate in a 12-week supervised multicomponent exercise programme in addition to receiving usual care. Study assessments are conducted at baseline and three months. The primary outcome measure is physical function as assessed by the SPPB. Secondary outcome measures include comprehensive geriatric assessment scores (including social situation, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive function, depression, nutritional status, polypharmacy, geriatric syndromes, pain, and emotional distress), anthropometric characteristics, frailty status, physical fitness, physical activity, cognitive function, quality of life, fatigue, and nutritional status. Study assessments also include analysis of inflammatory, endocrine, and nutritional mediators in serum and plasma as potential frailty biomarkers at mRNA and protein levels and multiparametric flow cytometric analysis to measure immunosenescence markers on T and NK cells. Discussion This study seeks to extend our knowledge on exercise interventions during systemic anticancer treatment in patients over 70 years of age. Results from this research will guide the management of older adults during systemic treatment in hospitals seeking to enhance the standard of care.
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