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Effects of a 12-week multicomponent exercise programme on physical function in older adults with cancer: Study protocol for the ONKO-FRAIL randomised controlled trial
Introduction Cancer in older adults is often associated with functional limitations, geriatric syndromes, poor self-rated health, vulnerability, and frailty, and these conditions might worsen treatment-related side effects. Recent guidelines for patients with cancer during and after treatment have documented the beneficial effects of exercise to counteract certain side effects; however, little is known about the role of exercise during cancer treatment in older adults. Materials and Methods This is a multicentre randomised controlled trial in which 200 participants will be allocated to a control group or an intervention group (the sample size has been calculated to detect a clinical difference of 1 point in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, assuming an α error of 0.05, a β error of 0.20, and a 10 % loss rate). Patients aged ≥70 years, diagnosed with any type of solid cancer and candidates for systemic treatment are eligible. Subjects in the intervention group are invited to participate in a 12-week supervised multicomponent exercise programme in addition to receiving usual care. Study assessments are conducted at baseline and three months. The primary outcome measure is physical function as assessed by the SPPB. Secondary outcome measures include comprehensive geriatric assessment scores (including social situation, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive function, depression, nutritional status, polypharmacy, geriatric syndromes, pain, and emotional distress), anthropometric characteristics, frailty status, physical fitness, physical activity, cognitive function, quality of life, fatigue, and nutritional status. Study assessments also include analysis of inflammatory, endocrine, and nutritional mediators in serum and plasma as potential frailty biomarkers at mRNA and protein levels and multiparametric flow cytometric analysis to measure immunosenescence markers on T and NK cells. Discussion This study seeks to extend our knowledge on exercise interventions during systemic anticancer treatment in patients over 70 years of age. Results from this research will guide the management of older adults during systemic treatment in hospitals seeking to enhance the standard of care.
Assessment Of Thermal Asymmetries In Professional Soccer Players According To Field Position
PURPOSE: Infrared Thermography is a valid and non-invasive tool to evaluate skin temperature. Analyzing changes in temperature in response to physiological processes is important to detect fatigue and risk factors for injury. The main aim of this study was to assess thermal asymmetries (TA) in the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) in professional soccer players according to position.
Cross-Dataset Generalization of Deep Learning for Retinal Vessel Segmentation in Fundus Images: External Evaluation from DRIVE to CHASE_DB1
Automated retinal vessel segmentation can support quantitative analysis of fundus photographs and facilitate measurement of vascular characteristics associated with ocular and systemic disease. Although deep-learning methods achieve high segmentation performance on benchmark datasets, their reliability may decrease when applied to images obtained under different acquisition conditions. This study evaluated the cross-dataset generalizability of a U-Net segmentation architecture incorporating an ImageNet-pretrained ResNet34 encoder. Sixteen images from the DRIVE dataset were used for model training and four were retained for in-domain validation. Images were resized to 256 × 256 pixels and processed using a consistent normalization pipeline, while spatial and photometric augmentation was applied during training. Without target-domain retraining or domain adaptation, the trained model was subsequently evaluated on the independent CHASE_DB1 dataset. Segmentation performance was assessed using the Dice coefficient, intersection over union (IoU), and sensitivity, together with qualitative examination of predicted vessel maps. On the held-out DRIVE images, the model achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.7263, IoU of 0.5703, and sensitivity of 0.7201. On CHASE_DB1, performance decreased to 0.6269, 0.4573, and 0.5502, respectively. The disproportionately larger reduction in sensitivity indicated an increased frequency of missed vessel pixels under cross-dataset evaluation. Qualitative examination showed greater fragmentation and omission of fine and peripheral vascular structures in CHASE_DB1 images. These findings demonstrate that within-dataset performance may overestimate the robustness of retinal vessel segmentation models when transferred to a different imaging domain. External evaluation should therefore form an important component of retinal imaging artificial intelligence research. Future work should investigate higher-resolution processing, vessel-width-specific evaluation, multi-domain training, domain-adaptation strategies, and larger multicentre datasets to improve model generalizability.
Dietary microRNAs from dairy products and their potential relevance to breast cancer: A systematic review
Background The potential role of dairy products in breast cancer development remains controversial, with studies reporting both protective and detrimental effects. MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation, are increasingly recognized as important mediators in cancer biology, including breast cancer. Milk and other dairy products contain extracellular vescicle-associated microRNAs, some of which are conserved, bioactive, and capable of surviving digestion. Additionally, dairy intake may modulate the expression of endogenous microRNAs in humans. Scope and approach This review explores the landscape of dairy-related microRNAs—both exogenous microRNAs naturally present in dairy products and endogenous microRNAs influenced by dairy consumption—and examines their potential overlap with those implicated in breast cancer. A structured PubMed search identified studies addressing: (1) the most relevant microRNAs detected in dairy products, (2) human-based studies investigating microRNA modulation following dairy intake, and (3) reported associations with breast cancer across clinical and molecular contexts. Key findings and conclusions We identified a group of dairy-associated microRNAs—particularly, miR-148a-3p-, miR-21-5p, miR-30a-5p-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-146a-5p—that have been linked to key processes involved in breast cancer development, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance. Some of these microRNAs are also differentially expressed in mastitic milk or modulated by farming systems and stress-related conditions, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches bridging food systems and human health. While causal inference is beyond the scope of this review, the widespread and sustained consumption of dairy products supports the need for further research to clarify how dairy intake may influence microRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms and breast cancer risk in humans. The available evidence also suggests that dairy subtype, origin, and processing may be relevant when considering potential dietary implications.
Effectiveness Of Shoulder Ligamentoplasty And Its Relationship With Immobilization Time And Re-dislocation Rate.
PURPOSE: Shoulder ligamentoplasty (SL) is an arthroscopic technique for complex instabilities that uses an artificial ligament to generate a subscapular sling effect that reinforces tissue repair. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SL by analyzing its relationship with postoperative immobilization time and the incidence of re-dislocation.