Costos Ambientales y Económicos de Envolventes Térmicas, de Viviendas Diseñada bajo Estándares Sustentables, en la Región de los Ríos, Chile
Tesis Materias > Ingeniería Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster Cerrado Español En el contexto del cambio climático y lograr carbono neutralidad para el año 2050, las políticas gubernamentales de Chile se enfocan en la disminución de emisiones de GEI en la fase de operación de edificaciones, descuidando hasta ahora la contabilización de las emisiones en las fases previas de producción de materiales y construcción. Para el caso de edificaciones construidas con estándares de sustentabilidad, las emisiones de fases previas, (producción y construcción), se realzan superando con creces las emitidas durante las etapas de operación de la edificación. Actualmente en Chile, se construyen edificaciones con envolventes térmicas, las cuales presentan desempeños energéticos capaces de soportar climas extremos, mantener el confort térmico, generando un mínimo de emisiones durante su operación, pero se desconoce la cantidad de emisiones GEI de los materiales utilizados en su diseño y por tanto el impacto de las envolventes, en la huella de carbono.Es por eso, que existe la necesidad de analizar la huella de carbono de las envolventes térmicas que se utilizan tradicionalmente, verificar opciones de utilizar materiales sustentables y considerar el costo que se incurre en utilizar un tipo u otra envolvente.El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la huella de carbono y el costo de envolventes térmicas constituidas por materiales tradicionales y/o ecoeficientes, mediante ACV, para una tipología de vivienda diseñada bajo estándares de construcción sustentable, en distintas ubicaciones de la Región de los Ríos, Chile.Se determinó que las envolventes constituidas por materiales sustentables, tienen un impacto ambiental considerablemente menor que las envolventes constituidas por materiales tradicionales, al mismo tiempo su costo es mayor que las de envolventes tradicionales. Para todas las localidades en estudio, ponderando en un 60% huella de carbono y en 40% el costo de las envolventes, la opción con mejor desempeño corresponde a envolventes hibridas constituidas por materiales de tipo tradicional y sustentables.Para disminuir la huella de carbono en las etapas de producción y construcción, se debe privilegiar el uso de materias primas y materiales producidos a nivel regional, analizar los procesos productivos de los materiales, puesto que a mayor cantidad de subprocesos serán mayores sus emisiones, se deberá trabajar en mejorar la industria de materiales sustentables, en especial los aislantes, puesto que hasta ahora en Chile existe muy poca disponibilidad de este tipo de materiales. Finalmente se debe reconocer la potencialidad de la industria maderera, como una solución sustentable, siempre y cuando se acompañe de planes de manejo de bosques y se cuiden las cuencas hídricas. metadata Cárdenas Mayorga, Nadia Soledad mail nadia.cardenas@uach.cl (2022) Costos Ambientales y Económicos de Envolventes Térmicas, de Viviendas Diseñada bajo Estándares Sustentables, en la Región de los Ríos, Chile. Masters thesis, SIN ESPECIFICAR.
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En el contexto del cambio climático y lograr carbono neutralidad para el año 2050, las políticas gubernamentales de Chile se enfocan en la disminución de emisiones de GEI en la fase de operación de edificaciones, descuidando hasta ahora la contabilización de las emisiones en las fases previas de producción de materiales y construcción. Para el caso de edificaciones construidas con estándares de sustentabilidad, las emisiones de fases previas, (producción y construcción), se realzan superando con creces las emitidas durante las etapas de operación de la edificación. Actualmente en Chile, se construyen edificaciones con envolventes térmicas, las cuales presentan desempeños energéticos capaces de soportar climas extremos, mantener el confort térmico, generando un mínimo de emisiones durante su operación, pero se desconoce la cantidad de emisiones GEI de los materiales utilizados en su diseño y por tanto el impacto de las envolventes, en la huella de carbono.Es por eso, que existe la necesidad de analizar la huella de carbono de las envolventes térmicas que se utilizan tradicionalmente, verificar opciones de utilizar materiales sustentables y considerar el costo que se incurre en utilizar un tipo u otra envolvente.El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la huella de carbono y el costo de envolventes térmicas constituidas por materiales tradicionales y/o ecoeficientes, mediante ACV, para una tipología de vivienda diseñada bajo estándares de construcción sustentable, en distintas ubicaciones de la Región de los Ríos, Chile.Se determinó que las envolventes constituidas por materiales sustentables, tienen un impacto ambiental considerablemente menor que las envolventes constituidas por materiales tradicionales, al mismo tiempo su costo es mayor que las de envolventes tradicionales. Para todas las localidades en estudio, ponderando en un 60% huella de carbono y en 40% el costo de las envolventes, la opción con mejor desempeño corresponde a envolventes hibridas constituidas por materiales de tipo tradicional y sustentables.Para disminuir la huella de carbono en las etapas de producción y construcción, se debe privilegiar el uso de materias primas y materiales producidos a nivel regional, analizar los procesos productivos de los materiales, puesto que a mayor cantidad de subprocesos serán mayores sus emisiones, se deberá trabajar en mejorar la industria de materiales sustentables, en especial los aislantes, puesto que hasta ahora en Chile existe muy poca disponibilidad de este tipo de materiales. Finalmente se debe reconocer la potencialidad de la industria maderera, como una solución sustentable, siempre y cuando se acompañe de planes de manejo de bosques y se cuiden las cuencas hídricas.
| Tipo de Documento: | Tesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Palabras Clave: | Huella de Carbono, ACV, Sustentabilidad, Envolventes térmicas, Materiales. |
| Clasificación temática: | Materias > Ingeniería |
| Divisiones: | Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster |
| Depositado: | 03 May 2024 23:30 |
| Ultima Modificación: | 03 May 2024 23:30 |
| URI: | https://repositorio.uneatlantico.es/id/eprint/3094 |
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