Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War
Artículo
Materias > Ciencias Sociales
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
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Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place.
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Catoto Capitango, João Adolfo; Garat de Marin, Mirtha Silvana; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel; Rojo Gutiérrez, Marco Antonio; Gracia Villar, Mónica y Durántez Prados, Frigdiano Álvaro
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SIN ESPECIFICAR, silvana.marin@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, marco.rojo@unini.edu.mx, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, durantez@uneatlantico.es
(2022)
Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War.
Social Sciences, 11 (8).
p. 334.
ISSN 2076-0760
|
Texto
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Resumen
Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place.
| Tipo de Documento: | Artículo |
|---|---|
| Palabras Clave: | asymmetries; development provinces; object and subject region |
| Clasificación temática: | Materias > Ciencias Sociales |
| Divisiones: | Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Artículos y libros Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica |
| Depositado: | 29 Jul 2022 23:30 |
| Ultima Modificación: | 12 Jul 2023 23:30 |
| URI: | https://repositorio.uneatlantico.es/id/eprint/3058 |
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Introduction Cancer in older adults is often associated with functional limitations, geriatric syndromes, poor self-rated health, vulnerability, and frailty, and these conditions might worsen treatment-related side effects. Recent guidelines for patients with cancer during and after treatment have documented the beneficial effects of exercise to counteract certain side effects; however, little is known about the role of exercise during cancer treatment in older adults. Materials and Methods This is a multicentre randomised controlled trial in which 200 participants will be allocated to a control group or an intervention group (the sample size has been calculated to detect a clinical difference of 1 point in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, assuming an α error of 0.05, a β error of 0.20, and a 10 % loss rate). Patients aged ≥70 years, diagnosed with any type of solid cancer and candidates for systemic treatment are eligible. Subjects in the intervention group are invited to participate in a 12-week supervised multicomponent exercise programme in addition to receiving usual care. Study assessments are conducted at baseline and three months. The primary outcome measure is physical function as assessed by the SPPB. Secondary outcome measures include comprehensive geriatric assessment scores (including social situation, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive function, depression, nutritional status, polypharmacy, geriatric syndromes, pain, and emotional distress), anthropometric characteristics, frailty status, physical fitness, physical activity, cognitive function, quality of life, fatigue, and nutritional status. Study assessments also include analysis of inflammatory, endocrine, and nutritional mediators in serum and plasma as potential frailty biomarkers at mRNA and protein levels and multiparametric flow cytometric analysis to measure immunosenescence markers on T and NK cells. Discussion This study seeks to extend our knowledge on exercise interventions during systemic anticancer treatment in patients over 70 years of age. Results from this research will guide the management of older adults during systemic treatment in hospitals seeking to enhance the standard of care.
Julia García-García mail , Ana Rodriguez-Larrad mail , Maren Martinez de Rituerto Zeberio mail , Jenifer Gómez Mediavilla mail , Borja López-San Vicente mail , Nuria Torrego Artola mail , Izaskun Zeberio Etxetxipia mail , Irati Garmendia mail , Ainhoa Alberro mail , David Otaegui mail , Francisco Borrego Rabasco mail , María M. Caffarel mail , Kalliopi Vrotsou mail , Jon Irazusta mail , Haritz Arrieta mail , Mireia Peláez mail mireia.pelaez@uneatlantico.es, Jon Belloso mail , Laura Basterretxea mail ,
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Background Physical inactivity and suboptimal diet in pregnancy are important modifiable risk factors for gestational diabetes, a major contributor to pregnancy complications. Objectives We aimed to assess the effects of physical activity and/or diet-based lifestyle interventions during pregnancy on gestational diabetes and if these vary by maternal (body mass index, age, parity, ethnicity, education) and intervention characteristics using individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials, and a cost-effectiveness analysis. Data sources International Weight Management in Pregnancy Collaborative Network database was updated by searching major databases from February 2017 to March 2022. Review methods The main outcomes were gestational diabetes by any criteria and by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Other outcomes were gestational diabetes as per International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group and maternal and perinatal outcomes. We performed a two-stage random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis to obtain summary estimates (odds ratio) with 95% confidence intervals. Study quality of included trials was assessed, and heterogeneity summarised using τ2. Where possible, we added the aggregate data from non-individual participant data trials to the meta-analysis. We ranked interventions by effectiveness using network meta-analysis and undertook model-based economic evaluation to assess cost-effectiveness. The cost-effectiveness analysis took an NHS cost perspective compared an overall lifestyle intervention versus usual care with a time horizon covering the beginning of pregnancy until the discharge of the mother and infant from the hospital following delivery. Results Ninety-two trials (32,284 women) were included; 54 (23,698 women) provided individual participant data. Lifestyle interventions reduced the odds of gestational diabetes (any criteria) by 10% in individual participant data trials (odds ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 1.02, 54 studies, 23,361 women), and the findings reached statistical significance when non-individual participant data were included (odds ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.89, 92 studies, 31,947 women). Physical activity significantly reduced the odds of gestational diabetes by 36% (odds ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.84), and diet by 19% (odds ratio 0.81; 0.69 to 0.96), but not mixed interventions. Women with middle (odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.90) and high educational level (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.54 to 0.93) benefited more than those with low educational status, and no differences by maternal body mass index, age, parity or ethnicity. There was no significant reduction in gestational diabetes defined by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.13) in individual participant data trials. For gestational diabetes defined using International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria, interventions reduced gestational diabetes by 14% (odds ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 0.97, τ2 = 0.00, 16 studies, 6174 women) in individual participant data trials and by 17% (odds ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 0.95, τ2 = 0.01, 25 studies, 7883 women) when non-individual participant data trials were added. Overall, physical activity reduced caesarean section (odds ratio 0.83; 0.72 to 0.96), small-for-gestational age (odds ratio 0.72; 0.56 to 0.92) and large-for-gestational age babies (odds ratio 0.81; 0.71 to 0.94); diet-based interventions reduced any preterm birth (odds ratio 0.37; 0.20 to 0.68) compared to controls. No differences were observed for other outcomes. Lifestyle interventions were on average more expensive and more effective at averted gestational diabetes and major outcome averted compared to usual care. Limitations We could not identify the specific intervention components and delivery methods associated with improved outcomes, due to variations in reporting. Conclusion Lifestyle interventions in pregnancy prevent gestational diabetes, and the effects vary according to the definition of gestational diabetes. Physical activity-based interventions may be the most effective.
John Allotey mail , Dyuti Coomar mail , Joie Ensor mail , Chidubem Okeke Ogwulu mail , Gabriel Ruiz Calvo mail , Mark Monahan mail , Valencia Kabeya mail , Rachel McNeill mail , Anna Boath mail , Ghadir Mahmoud mail , Cheryce Harrison mail , Mahnaz Bahri Khomami mail , Helena Teede mail , Nicola Heslehurst mail , Graham A Hitman mail , Sharon Anne Simpson mail , Krish Nirantharakumar mail , Julie Dodds mail , Kelly C Allison mail , Garry Shen mail , Elisabetta Petrella mail , Fabio Facchinetti mail , Christina Vinter mail , Mireia Peláez mail mireia.pelaez@uneatlantico.es, Dorte Møller Jensen mail , Narges Sadat Motahari-Tabari mail , Tarja I Kinnunen mail , Jonatan R Ruiz mail , Annick Bogaerts mail , Kristina Martha Renault mail , Alka Kothari mail , Jose Guilherme Cecatti mail , Fionnuala M McAuliffe mail , Suzanne Phelan mail , Lucilla Poston mail , Ana Pilar Betrán mail , Ngawai Moss mail , Stamatina Iliodromiti mail , Frances Austin mail , Nuria García de la Torre mail , Alfonso Luis Calle Pascual mail , Javier Zamora mail , Tracy Roberts mail , Richard D Riley mail , Shakila Thangaratinam mail ,
Allotey
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Objectives Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent in primary care, yet access to psychological therapies, which are the first-line treatment for these conditions, remains limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Clinical Psychology in Primary Care Programme in Cantabria during its first year of implementation, which integrated clinical psychologists into primary care teams to deliver brief, evidence-based interventions. Design Naturalistic observational pre–post study in primary care. Methods A total of 1149 patients (66% women; M = 44 years) were assessed with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 before and after a brief psychological intervention of up to eight sessions per patient delivered individually or in groups. Linear mixed-effects models examined pre–post changes and moderators (intervention format, age, sex). Reliable change, deterioration and recovery were calculated. Results Significant and clinically meaningful reductions were observed in depressive (ΔPHQ-9 = −7.8) and anxiety symptoms (ΔGAD-7 = −7.1; p < .001). Individual therapy produced greater improvements than group interventions, and younger participants showed slightly larger gains; sex showed no effect. Moderate variability in outcomes was observed across therapists. Among completers, large effect sizes were found (dRM ≈ 1.3); 73% achieved reliable improvement and 51% met reliable recovery criteria, while deterioration rates were below 1%. Conclusions Findings support the consolidation and expansion of the integration of clinical psychologists into primary care, providing evidence that the psychological interventions delivered in this context are a feasible, equitable and effective approach to treating CMDs in the Spanish public health system.
César González‐Blanch mail cesar.gonzalezblanch@uneatlantico.es, Noelia Rodríguez‐Pérez mail , María Camino‐Sánchez mail , Rosario Bengochea-Seco mail , Cintia Montes‐Novoa mail , David Gil-Sanz mail david.gil@uneatlantico.es, Silvia Pérez‐Monzón mail , Blanca Uriz‐Zafra mail , Mikel Muñiz‐Videchea mail , Paula Díaz‐Gómez mail , Amador Priede mail ,
González‐Blanch
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Obesity is recognised to be a risk factor for breast cancer since adipose tissue influences the tumour microenvironment. This study aims to investigate the effect of the secretome of 3T3-L1 adipocytes untreated or treated with liquorice root extract (LRE), containing flavonoids, phenolic acids, and saponins on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. By treating adipocytes with LRE, the secretion of certain pro-tumorigenic factors like IGFBP-6, resistin, and VEGF was reduced. MCF-7 cells exposed to conditioned medium from LRE-treated adipocytes exhibited an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, downregulation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and increased autophagy. Those conditions reduced cell viability, migration, and colony formation. Additionally, there was downregulation of genes associated with oestrogen signalling and tumour-related processes, including CYP19A1 (aromatase), ERα, Her2, and components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). These findings suggest that LRE can modulate the adipocyte secretome to influence breast cancer cell behaviour under obesity-related in vitro conditions.
Danila Cianciosi mail , Yasmany Armas Diaz mail , Bei Yang mail , Zexiu Qi mail , Ge Chen mail , José L. Quiles mail jose.quiles@uneatlantico.es, Massimiliano Gasparrini mail , Manuela Cassotta mail manucassotta@gmail.com, Rubén Calderón Iglesias mail ruben.calderon@uneatlantico.es, Maurizio Battino mail maurizio.battino@uneatlantico.es, Francesca Giampieri mail francesca.giampieri@uneatlantico.es,
Cianciosi
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Theaflavins are characteristic polyphenols formed during black tea fermentation. They play an important role in tea color and quality. With the increasing global consumption of black tea, interest in fermentation-derived polyphenols has grown. Recent studies have examined the chemical properties and reported bioactivities of theaflavins. However, current findings remain scattered and lack a unified food chemistry perspective. This review summarizes the formation chemistry of theaflavins during black tea fermentation. It compares the key factors affecting their composition and abundance, including catechin precursors, enzymatic oxidation, and fermentation conditions. Structural features of different theaflavin derivatives are discussed. Particular attention is given to galloylated theaflavins, which show higher reactivity in experimental systems. Reported bioactivities are briefly addressed to illustrate structure-activity relationships. Challenges related to production standardization, stability, and bioaccessibility are also highlighted.
Yuxuan Zhao mail , Jingyimei Liang mail , Hui Cao mail , Jianbo Xiao mail ,
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