eprintid: 27824 rev_number: 8 eprint_status: archive userid: 2 dir: disk0/00/02/78/24 datestamp: 2026-03-13 23:30:11 lastmod: 2026-03-13 23:30:12 status_changed: 2026-03-13 23:30:11 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Romero-Macarrilla, José Antonio creators_name: Bauer, Robert creators_name: Fernández-Sánchez, Javier creators_name: Fernández-Sánchez, Eva creators_name: González-Gutiérrez, Iván creators_name: Adsuar, José Carmelo creators_name: Collado-Mateo, Daniel creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: ivan.gutierrez@uneatlantico.es creators_id: creators_id: title: Validation and Reliability of the Spanish Internet Addiction Test-7 (IAT-7) for Adolescents ispublished: pub subjects: uneat_ps divisions: uneatlantico_produccion_cientifica full_text_status: public keywords: IAT-7 scale; problematic internet use; Spanish version; internet addiction; smartphone addiction; psychometric properties abstract: Problematic internet use has been consistently associated with different adverse effects on bio-psycho-social health outcomes. However, there is a lack of consensus in the definition and measures. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Internet Addiction Test–Short Form (IAT-7) into Spanish and to evaluate its validity and reliability among adolescents. A total of 783 participants aged 12–18 years completed the questionnaires while 106 answered again two months later to assess test–retest reliability. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis to test the two-factor structure. Convergent and discriminant validity, reliability, and invariance were analyzed. All items showed significant standardized loadings (0.55–0.85; p < 0.001), and fit indices supported the two-factor model. Both factors showed adequate convergent validity, while moderate correlation between factors (ρ = 0.667) supported discriminant validity. Test–retest reliability was strong (ICC = 0.814), and internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0.850; McDonald’s ω = 0.853). Furthermore, measurement invariance analyses supported the equivalence of the scale across gender and age. In conclusion, the Spanish IAT-7 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing problematic internet use in adolescents aged 12–18 years. date: 2026-02 publication: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education volume: 16 number: 2 pagerange: 28 id_number: doi:10.3390/ejihpe16020028 refereed: TRUE issn: 2254-9625 official_url: http://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe16020028 access: open language: en citation: Artículo Materias > Psicología Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Problematic internet use has been consistently associated with different adverse effects on bio-psycho-social health outcomes. However, there is a lack of consensus in the definition and measures. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Internet Addiction Test–Short Form (IAT-7) into Spanish and to evaluate its validity and reliability among adolescents. A total of 783 participants aged 12–18 years completed the questionnaires while 106 answered again two months later to assess test–retest reliability. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis to test the two-factor structure. Convergent and discriminant validity, reliability, and invariance were analyzed. All items showed significant standardized loadings (0.55–0.85; p < 0.001), and fit indices supported the two-factor model. Both factors showed adequate convergent validity, while moderate correlation between factors (ρ = 0.667) supported discriminant validity. Test–retest reliability was strong (ICC = 0.814), and internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach’s α = 0.850; McDonald’s ω = 0.853). Furthermore, measurement invariance analyses supported the equivalence of the scale across gender and age. In conclusion, the Spanish IAT-7 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing problematic internet use in adolescents aged 12–18 years. metadata Romero-Macarrilla, José Antonio; Bauer, Robert; Fernández-Sánchez, Javier; Fernández-Sánchez, Eva; González-Gutiérrez, Iván; Adsuar, José Carmelo y Collado-Mateo, Daniel mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, ivan.gutierrez@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2026) Validation and Reliability of the Spanish Internet Addiction Test-7 (IAT-7) for Adolescents. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 16 (2). p. 28. ISSN 2254-9625 document_url: http://repositorio.uneatlantico.es/id/eprint/27824/1/ejihpe-16-00028.pdf