@article{uneatlantico27155,
           pages = {e084159},
          volume = {392},
          author = {John Allotey and Dyuti Coomar and Joie Ensor and Gabriel Ruiz-Calvo and Anna Boath and Chidubem Okeke Ogwulu and Mark Monahan and Valencia Kabeya and Min Zheng and Rachel McNeill and Hollie Meacham and Ghadir Mahmoud and Sharon Anne Simpson and Graham A Hitman and Krish Nirantharakumar and Nicola Heslehurst and Mireia Pel{\'a}ez and Serena Tonstad and SeonAe Yeo and Jose G Cecatti and Fabio Facchinetti and Narges Sadat Motahari-Tabari and Kristina M Renault and Kym J Guelfi and Dorte M{\o}ller Jensen and Cheryce Harrison and Mahnaz Bahri Khomami and Alfonso L Calle-Pascual and Fionnuala M McAuliffe and Hans Hauner and Ruben Barakat and Nina Rica Wium Geiker and Christina Anne Vinter and Suzanne Phelan and Tarja I Kinnunen and Alka Kothari and Helena Teede and Lucilla Poston and Ana Pilar Betr{\'a}n and Ngawai Moss and Stamatina Iliodromiti and Frances Austin and Tracy Roberts and Javier Zamora and Richard D Riley and Shakila Thangaratinam},
            year = {2026},
         journal = {BMJ},
           title = {Effects of lifestyle interventions in pregnancy on gestational diabetes: individual participant data and network meta-analysis},
           month = {Enero},
        abstract = {Objectives To assess the effects of lifestyle interventions on gestational diabetes, determine whether the effects vary by maternal body mass index, age, parity, ethnicity, education level, or intervention, and rank interventions by effectiveness.

Design Individual participant data (IPD) and network meta-analysis.

Data sources Major electronic databases (January 1990 to April 2025).

Methods This meta-analysis included randomised trials on the effects of lifestyle interventions (physical activity based, diet based, or mixed) in pregnancy on gestational diabetes. Main outcomes were gestational diabetes defined by any criteria and by UK NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) criteria; other outcomes included IADPSG (International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group) and modified IADPSG defined gestational diabetes. A two stage IPD meta-analysis estimated summary odds ratios and 95\% confidence intervals and interactions (subgroup effects), along with absolute risk reduction estimates. Aggregate data from non-IPD trials were added to the meta-analysis when possible. Intervention effects were ranked using network meta-analysis.

Results 104 randomised trials (35 993 women) were included, with IPD for 68\% of participants (24 391 women; 54 studies). Lifestyle interventions reduced gestational diabetes defined by any criteria by 10\% in IPD trials (odds ratio 0.90, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 0.80 to 1.02; absolute risk reduction 1.3\%, 95\% CI ?0.3\% to 2.6\%), and by 20\% when combining IPD and non-IPD trials (odds ratio 0.80, 95\% CI 0.73 to 0.88; absolute risk reduction 2.6\%, 95\% CI 1.6\% to 3.6\%), and no reduction was observed using NICE criteria (odds ratio 0.98, 95\% CI 0.84to 1.13). Lifestyle interventions reduced gestational diabetes defined using IADPSG criteria by 14\% in IPD trials (odds ratio 0.86, 95\% CI 0.75 to 0.97; absolute risk reduction 2.7\%, 95\% CI 0.6\% to 5.0\%) and by 18\% when combining IPD and non-IPD trials (odds ratio 0.82, 95\% CI 0.72 to 0.93; absolute risk reduction 3.5\%, 95\% CI 1.3\% to 5.7\%). Effects did not vary by maternal characteristics, except for education. Although women of all educational levels benefited from the intervention, the benefit was less in those with low education (low v middle interaction: odds ratio 0.68, 95\% CI 0.51 to 0.90; low v high interaction: odds ratio 0.71, 95\% CI 0.54 to 0.93). Benefits did not vary by intervention characteristics, except for greater effectiveness with group format (odds ratio 0.81, 95\% CI 0.68 to 0.97; absolute risk reduction 2.5\%, 95\% CI 0.4\% to 4.3\%) and newly trained facilitators (odds ratio 0.82, 95\% CI 0.69 to 0.96; absolute risk reduction 2.4\%, 95\% CI 0.5\% to 4.2\%). Physical activity based interventions ranked highest (mean rank 1.1, 95\% CI 1 to 2) in preventing gestational diabetes.

Conclusions Lifestyle interventions in pregnancy are likely to prevent gestational diabetes, with effects varying according to diagnostic criteria. Implementation strategies should address inequalities by maternal education, and consider group formats, provider training, and physical activity based interventions to prevent gestational diabetes.},
             url = {http://repositorio.uneatlantico.es/id/eprint/27155/}
}