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primary topic: Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios

Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios
type: AcademicArticle
type: Article
abstract: Background/Objectives: Estimating energy and macronutrients from food images is clinically relevant yet challenging, and rigorous evaluation requires transparent accuracy metrics with uncertainty and clear acknowledgement of reference data limitations across heterogeneous sources. This study assessed ChatGPT-5, a general-purpose vision-language model, across four scenarios differing in the amount and type of contextual information provided, using a composite dataset to quantify accuracy for calories and macronutrients. Methods: A total of 195 dishes were evaluated, sourced from Allrecipes.com, the SNAPMe dataset, and Home-prepared, weighed meals. Each dish was evaluated under Case 1 (image only), Case 2 (image plus standardized non-visual descriptors), Case 3 (image plus ingredient lists with amounts), and Case 4 (replicates Case 3 but excluding the image). The primary endpoint was kcal Mean Absolute Error (MAE); secondary endpoints included Median Absolute Error (MedAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for kcal and macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and lipids), all reported with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) via dish-level bootstrap resampling and accompanied by absolute differences (Δ) between scenarios. Inference settings were standardized to support reproducibility and variance estimation. Source stratified analyses and quartile summaries were conducted to examine heterogeneity by curation level and nutrient ranges, with additional robustness checks for error complexity relationships. Results and Discussion: Accuracy improved from Case 1 to Case 2 and further in Case 3 for energy and all macronutrients when summarized by MAE, MedAE, and RMSE with 95% CIs, with absolute reductions (Δ) indicating material gains as contextual information increased. In contrast to Case 3, estimation accuracy declined in Case 4, underscoring the contribution of visual cues. Gains were largest in the Home-prepared dietitian-weighed subset and smaller yet consistent for Allreci…
date: 2025-11
volume: 17
issue: 22
is part of: Nutrients
status: peerReviewed
status: published
author list: authors
type: EPrint
type: ArticleEPrint
is part of: repository
has document: Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios (Texto)
has document: Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios (Otro)
subject: Engineering

Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios (Texto)
type: Document
has file: nutrients-17-03613.pdf
has part: nutrients-17-03613.pdf

Nutrients
type: Collection
issn: 20726643

Jorge Crespo-Álvarez
type: Person
given name: Jorge
family name: Crespo-Álvarez

Iñaki Elío Pascual
type: Person
given name: Iñaki
family name: Elío Pascual

Marcela Rodríguez- Jiménez
type: Person
given name: Marcela
family name: Rodríguez- Jiménez

Sandra Sumalla Cano
type: Person
given name: Sandra
family name: Sumalla Cano

Gustavo Daniel Martín-del-Campo-Becerra
type: Person
given name: Gustavo Daniel
family name: Martín-del-Campo-Becerra

Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios (Otro)
type: Document
is version of: Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios (Texto)
is volatile version of: Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios (Texto)
is index codes version of: Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios (Texto)
has file: indexcodes.txt
has part: indexcodes.txt

HTML Summary of #17880 Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios
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primary topic: Image-Based Dietary Energy and Macronutrients Estimation with ChatGPT-5: Cross-Source Evaluation Across Escalating Context Scenarios

Engineering
type: Concept
preferred label: Ingeniería @es