TY  - JOUR
SN  - 2071-1050
UR  - http://doi.org/10.3390/su15065285
IS  - 6
JF  - Sustainability
ID  - uneatlantico17804
A1  - Kaushik, Ekata
A1  - Prakash, Vivek
A1  - Ghandour, Raymond
A1  - Al Barakeh, Zaher
A1  - Ali, Ahmed
A1  - Mahela, Om Prakash
A1  - Álvarez, Roberto Marcelo
A1  - Khan, Baseem
AV  - public
Y1  - 2023/03//
KW  - distributed energy generator; grid-oriented genetic algorithm; network restructuring; power system flexibility; utility transmission network
N2  - A high penetration of renewable energy (RE) in utility grids creates the problems of power system flexibility, high transmission losses, and voltage variations. These problems can be solved using a hybrid combination of transmission network restructuring and optimal placement of distributed energy generator (DEG) units. Hence, this work investigated a technologically and economically feasible solution for improving the flexibility of power networks and reducing losses in a practical transmission utility network by implementing a restructuring of the network and optimal deployment of the distributed energy generators (DEGs). Two solutions for this network restructuring were proposed. Furthermore, a grid-oriented genetic algorithm (GOGA) was designed by combining the conventional genetic algorithm (GA) and mathematical solutions to identify optimal DEG placement. A power system restructuring and GOGA flexibility index (PSRGFI) was formulated for the assessment of network flexibility. A cost?benefit assessment was also performed to estimate the payback period for the investment required for restructuring of the network and DEG placement. The least-square approximation technique was applied for load projection for the year 2031 considering the base year 2021. It was established that minimization of transmission losses, reduction in voltage deviations, and improvement of network flexibility were achieved through hybrid application of network restructuring and DEG placement using GOGA. A network loss saving of 61.19 MW was achieved via optimal restructuring and GOGA. For the projected year 2031, the PSRGFI increased from 30.94 to 132.78 after the placement of DEGs using GOGA and optimal restructuring, indicating that network flexibility increased significantly. The payback period for the investment was very small, equal to 0.985 years. The performance of the designed method was superior to the GA-based method, simulated annealing technique, and bee colony algorithm (BCA) used for placement of DEG units in the test network. The study was completed using MATLAB software, considering data from a practical transmission network owned by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd. (RVPN), India.
VL  - 15
TI  - Hybrid Combination of Network Restructuring and Optimal Placement of Distributed Generators to Reduce Transmission Loss and Improve Flexibility
ER  -